The Research of Medical Science Review [ISSN: 3007-1208 & 3007-1216], published by Innovative Education Research Institute, is an international open-access, double-blind peer-review journal.

The journal is dedicated to advancing the frontiers of medical and allied health sciences by providing a timely and reliable platform for the publication of significant research and developments. Its mission is to facilitate the exchange of critical scientific knowledge, offering a space for the discussion of emerging trends, news, and pressing issues in the scientific world.

Its mission is to facilitate the global exchange of essential scientific knowledge and promote discussions on emerging trends, groundbreaking discoveries, and critical issues in both human and animal health.

The Research of Medical Science Review is dedicated to fostering a broad and multidisciplinary dialogue including but not limited to the following areas:

Internal Medicine and Subspecialties [Cardiology, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Geriatrics, Health, Hematology, Nephrology, Neurology, Oncology, Pulmonology, Rheumatology, Infectious Disease]

Surgical and Subspecialties  [General Surgery, Orthopedics, OB/GYN, Urology, Otolaryngology, (ENT), Ophthalmology]

Diagnostic and Imaging Fields [ Radiology & Pathology]

Rehabilitation Sciences [ Physiotherapy  and Occupational Therapy] 

Pediatric

Allied Health Professions [ Psychiatry, Nursing, Nutrition and Dietetics, paramedics, Pathology, Public Health, Sports Sciences, Physical Education, Health Management]

Genetics and Immunology [Genetics and Genomics & Immunology]

Pharmacy Pharmaceutical Sciences

Dentistry

Biochemistry

Environmental Sciences

Biological Sciences [Zoology, Botany, Microbiology, Biotechnology, Medical Sciences, Cell Biology, and Molecular Biology]

Animal Health and Veterinary Sciences [Veterinary Medicine, Animal Physiology, and Pathology, Animal Nutrition, Zoonotic Diseases, Livestock Management, Wildlife Health and Conservation] 

Anesthesiology

Agriculture

Forensic Science

Current Issue

Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): The Research of Medical Science Review

Published: 2026-03-03

Articles

EXPLORING THE PATTERNS AND DETERMINANTS OF SLEEP DISTURBANCES AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS IN SOUTH PUNJAB: A PUBLIC HEALTH PERSPECTIVE

Suleman John, Palwisha Shafiq, Ayesha Naseer, Rubab Ashgar, Arisha Fatima, Muhammad Danish (Author)

1-16

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PREVALENCE, DETERMINANTS, AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITALS OF PAKISTAN: A MULTICENTER PHARMACOVIGILANCE AND MOLECULAR SURVEILLANCE STUDY

Syed Naveed Alam, Dr. Saher Fatima, Dr. Humaira Naz, Dr Umair Azam (Author)

319-329

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IMPACT AND ASSOCIATION OF BREAST FEEDING WITH BONE AND LIVER METASTASIS IN DIFFERENT STAGES OF BREAST CANCER

Dr Hoor Fatima, Rimsha Batool, Dr. Sana Sadaf, Bushra Munir, Malaika Ather, Hamza Hameed, Rizwan Shaukat (Author)

330-344

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PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS OF POST DURAL PUNCTURE HEADACHE IN CAESAREAN SECTION PATIENTS UNDER THE SPINAL ANESTHESIA

Adnan Khan, Younas Khan, Farhan Ul Haq, Muhammad Uzair, Fazeel Ahmad, Muhammad Kamran Khan (Author)

345-355

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KNOWLEDGE ASSESSMENT REGARDING NEEDLE-PRICK INJURY AMONG OPERATION THEATER STAFF AT DISTRICT HEADQUARTER HOSPITAL, BAJAUR, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA

Shaukat Ali, Saeed Ullah, Hazrat Abbas, Shahab Uddin (Author)

356-376

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WHEN IRON RUNS LOW, FOCUS FADES: ASSOCIATION BETWEEN IRON DEFICIENCY AND CONCENTRATION SPAN AMONG UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS- A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Soudha Sohail, Farzeen Ali, Laiba Noor, Zunaira Riaz, Ayman Malik, Ahsan Sohail, Daria Javed, Maham Munir, Laiba Sheikh, Iqrasha Irfan, Aliza Ali, Laiba Khan (Author)

377-387

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PREVALENCE OF DENTAL ANXIETY AMONG THE STUDENTS OF SARHAD UNIVERSITY SCIENCE, INFORMATION AND TECHNOLOGY

Syeda Muneeba Zaki, Noman, Mazhar Ud Din (Author)

388-398

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ECOLOGICAL INSIGHT AND SURVIVAL COMPLEXITY OF PANGOLIN

Shahid Mahmood, Areeba Saif Ullah, Kinza, Syeda Nigha Zainab, Orwa Imtiaz, Sehar Ijaz (Author)

399-410

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INVISIBLE POLLUTANTS AND SILENT DISRUPTIONS: UNCOVERING THE ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF NANOPARTICLE EXPOSURE ON FISH BEHAVIOR AND ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION

Shahid Mahmood, Abeera Maryam, Amina Shehzadi, Hafsa Khalid, Areeba Amjad, Rumaisa Cheema (Author)

411-438

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HONEYBEE IN ECOSYSTEM: STUDY OF THEIR ECOLOGICAL ROLES AND ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTION

Shahid Mahmood, Raman Shahzadi, Irfa Tanveer, Bushra Aslam, Aisha Shafaqat, Malaika Noor (Author)

439-450

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A HOLISTIC APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING THE ENDANGERED KASHMIR MUSK DEER: BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY, AND DISTRIBUTION

Shahid Mahmood, Maria Sajal, Urooj Naz, Amina Roheen, Seerat Fatima, Tehreem Fatima (Author)

451-465

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FOOD CHAIN BALANCE IN ECOSYSTEM AND THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON FOOD CHAIN STABILITY

Nimra Fatima, Shahid Mahmood, Saman Imtiaz, Eman Fatima, Haleema Sadia, Naila Sehar (Author)

466-490

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EXPLORING THE DIVERSITY, ECOLOGICAL ROLES AND CONSERVATION OF BUTTERFLIES

Samia Fatima, Shahid Mahmood, Hira Asghar, Bisma Akhtar, Nabia Azam, Bushra Aslam, Madeeha Zia (Author)

491-503

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SILENT ENGINEERS OF THE SOIL: THE ECOLOGICAL POWER OF THE GIANT GIPPSLAND EARTHWORM

Bisma Jutt, Shahid Mahmood, Faiza Kabir, Abdul Mannan, Iqra Tariq, Syed Zainab, Muhammad Ilyas (Author)

504-512

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EFFECTS OF BOTULINUM TOXIN (BTX) INJECTION ON PAIN INTENSITY, FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY, AND ORAL HEALTH–RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH MYOFASCIAL PAIN DISORDER: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

Dr. Syed Zafar Abbas, Prof. Dr. Navid Rashid Qureshi, Prof. Dr. Tahera Ayub, Dr. Amna Afridi (Author)

513-526

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QUALITY EVALUATION AND VALUE ADDITION PROSPECTS OF LOCAL APRICOT (PRUNUS ARMENIACA) CULTIVARS GROWN IN DISTRICT SHIGAR, GILGIT-BALTISTAN, PAKISTAN

Muhammad Jalal, Muhammad Mazahir, Talat Mahmood, Ahmed Mujtaba, Muhammad Akram Khan, Mudassir Ali Qazalbash, Shafiud Din, Nadia Begum, Wazir Ali, Abdus Samee (Author)

527-539

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PREVALENCE OF MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDER AMONG CLINICAL PHYSICAL THERAPIST’S IN PESHAWAR

Dr Sadaf Momin, Dr Sehrish Fazal, Dr Awais Ahmad, Dr Rab Nawaz (Author)

540-550

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CAUSES OF REMOVAL OF IMPACTED MANDIBULAR THIRD MOLAR IN PATIENTS VISITING KHYBER COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY (KCD), PESHAWAR

Rafiullah Khan, Muhammad Saif Ullah, Salman Butt, Naseem Ullah Khan, Ayesha Khan, Muhammad Ateeq (Author)

551-560

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LEVEL OF ACTIVITY, STRENGTH, AND SPASTICITY OF LOWER-LIMB MUSCLES AMONG VARIOUS TYPES OF SPINAE BIFIDA:A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Dr. Aqib Javid, Dr. Hazrat Bilal, Dr. Irfan, Dr. Shehla, Dr. Rehana Safia (Author)

561-568

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INTERPRETABLE DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION USING PCA AND DEEP UNDERCOMPLETE AUTOENCODERS FOR BIOMARKER DISCOVERY IN HEAD AND NECK SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

Aneela Nargis (Author)

569-590

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EFFECTIVENESS OF SUPERFICIAL HEATING THERAPY AMONG FEMALES WITH CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN IN SINDH, PAKISTAN

Rasham Khokhar, Dr. Sarmad Shams, Dr. Fahad Shamim, Natasha Mukhtiar, Paras Marriam, Kainat Memon (Author)

591-606

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DETERMINANTS AND MATERNAL–NEONATAL OUTCOMES OF HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS OF PREGNANCY IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITALS OF PAKISTAN: A MULTICENTER PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY

Asma Iqbal, Tanzeela Ahmad, Humaira Naz (Author)

607-617

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PREVALENCE OF HCV AND HBV AND ITS RISK FACTORS IN DISTRICT BAJAUR KP PAKISTAN

Javed Sattar, Mustafa Kamal, Sana Fatima, Sajad Ahmad, Matiullah, Imran Khan (Author)

618-630

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PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS

Muhammad Huzafa, Shoaib Ahmad, Muhammad Safeer Abbas Jafrey, Intikhab Alam, Nayab Javed, Humaira Bibi, Muhammad Arshad, Jawad Khan, Muhammad Shawal (Author)

631-649

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PREVALENCE AND HEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE OF HEMOGLOBIN D TRAIT AND ITS DIFFERENTIATION FROM Β-THALASSEMIA TRAIT USING HPLC: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

Dr. Syeda Hina Abbas, Dr. Shazia Nazar, Raiha Shirjeel, Fatima Nadeem Farooqui, Nuzha Amir Siddique, Syeda Muhaddisa Zehra Naqvi (Author)

650-656

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COLD PLASMA TECHNOLOGY FOR FOOD STERILIZATION: ADVANCES, MECHANISMS, AND FUTURE PROSPECTS IN ENSURING FOOD SAFETY

Isma Noreen, Muhammad Muneeb Riaz, Arsalan Ahmed, Rai Muhammad Amir, Abroo Hashmi, Ahmad Nisar, Isbah Khan, Alishba Zulfiqar, Muhammad Imran Khan, Abdus Samee (Author)

676-686

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KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES STUDY ON ORAL HEALTH AT BACHA KHAN MEDICAL COMPLEX SWABI

Arshad Ahmad, Yasmen Rahman, Muhmmad Salman Khan, Arslan Waqas Ahmad Shah (Author)

687-697

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KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF NURSING STUDENTS TOWARD ORGAN DONATION

Saifullah, Naureen Fazal, Khizar Hayat, Iqbal ud din, Nauman Malik, Rimbal, Ayesha Abid, Humayoun Khan, Abuzar, Hannan Ahmed Awan (Author)

698-704

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EFFECT OF GAIT TRAINING ON GAIT PARAMETERS AND BALANCE IN STROKE REHABILITATION

Hafiz Muhammad Waseem Javaid, Hamna Sarfraz (Author)

705-718

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DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF AEDES AEGYPTI AND AEDES ALBOPICTUS MOSQUITEIS IN TEHSIL KABAL, SWAT

Fawad Khan, Muhammad Qasim Khan, Sania Mehreen, Zakir Ullah, Shehreyar Javed, Akhtar Hussain, Shaheen Bibi (Author)

719-729

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ANTI-ERYPTOTIC ROLE OF QUERCETIN: A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC APPROACH TO ATTENUATES HYPEROSMOLARITY-INDUCED OXIDATIVE DAMAGE IN ERYTHROCYTES

Fiza Shabbir, Marium Ghaffar, Rumaisa Fatima, Afifah Anwar, Aroosa Komal, Mehwish Fatima, Kashif Jilani (Author)

17-26

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MICROPLASTIC POLLUTION IN PAKISTAN'S FOOD CHAIN: HEALTH RISKS, EVIDENCE, AND MITIGATION CHALLENGES

Asif Ahmad, Naeem Mujahid, Muhammad Muneeb Riaz, Hira Shabbir, Rai Muhammad Amir, Maida, Fareeha Anwar, Muhammad Mazahir, Laiba Abid, Abdus Samee (Author)

27-37

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IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAF EXTRACTS AGAINST MULTIDRUG RESISTANT UROPATHOGENIC GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA

Bushra Rehman, Manahil Zubair, Aiman Waheed, Sajjad Ahmad, Dur-E-Najaf Khan, Numan Saleh Zada (Author)

38-48

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COMPARISON OF ORAL HEALTH STATUS AND PRACTICES AMONG 12-15 YEARS OLD STUDENTS IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS OF MINGORA, SWAT: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Amjad Ali Khan, Iftikhar Ahmad, Muhammad Abbas Rahim, Junaid Ali, Syed Muhammad Salman, Bismillah Khan, Shahid Ali, Yusra Tabassum (Author)

49-56

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IMPACT OF RAMADAN FASTING ON CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK FACTORS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES AND HYPERTENSION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Basel Mousa Abdulrahem Mousa, Nedal Hussein Abdelmagid Elrewany, Malaz Mohi Eldin Abdalla, Izzah Tamseel Khanum, Mohammed Mustafa Khan, Rahaf Ghazal, Rumaanah, Nizomova Umeda Tavakalkhujaevna, Alaa Abdelfattah, Kaynat Fatima, Emad Salah Al Helo, Kaenat Ahmed (Author)

57-68

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MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES OF CARPROFEN ANALOGUES AGAINST SARSCOV-2 MAIN PROTEASE (Mpro) FOR NOVEL COVID-19 DRUG DISCOVERY

Romasa, Saliha Salam, Muhammad Saqib Khalil, Hafsa (Author)

69-90

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METABOLOMIC PROFILING OF PROBIOTIC-FERMENTED PLANT-BASED BEVERAGES USING HPLC AND FTIR SPECTROSCOPY

Aaminah Ahmad, Farina Jamil, Khalil Ur Rehman, Nadia Afsheen, Zara Jabeen, Fareeha Riaz, Ayaz Ahmad Butt, Hamza Rafeeq (Author)

91-109

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EFFECTIVENESS OF ENDOMETRIAL ABLATION IN TREATING HEAVY MENSTRUAL BLEEDING

Dr. Tahira Ghaffar, Dr. Zainab Imran, Nida Masood, Dr. Hina Mushtaq, Sadia Nasir Kayani, Mehak Memon, Dr. Sania Murad (Author)

110-125

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COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF MOLECULAR AND CONVENTIONAL DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES FOR TUBERCULOSIS IN PAKISTAN

Dr. Rawaal Amin, Sidra, Dr. Humaira Naz, Muhammad Haroon Saghir, Abu Nasar Siddique, Ubaid Ullah (Author)

126-135

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EMERGING ANTIFUNGAL RESISTANCE IN BIOFILM-FORMING CANDIDA SPECIES ISOLATED FROM MEDICAL DEVICES: A MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION STUDY

Muhammad Abdullah, Muhammad Saqib Khalil, Naila Gulfam (Author)

136-161

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KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF GAIT PERFORMANCE & TRUNK BENDING IN STROKE PATIENTS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIAL

Dr. Muhammad Danial Baig Chughtai, Prof. Dr. Sajid Rashid, Muhammad Zia Ullah Shah, Murk, Rabia Yousaf Chaudhry, Waleed Habib, Abbas Ali, Sama Riaz, Adnan Khan, Dr. Muslim Khan (Author)

162-170

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PREVALENCE OF ENTERIC FEVER AMONG THE SUSPECTED PATIENTS VISITING KHYBER TEACHING HOSPITAL PESHAWAR

Muhammad Zulkifal, Muhammad Tariq, Syed Abdullah Ajlal Shah, Muhammad Khizar, Musadiq Khan, Mr. Wahid Ullah (Author)

171-177

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STRATEGIES FOR RADIATION DOSE OPTIMIZATION IN CARDIAC CT ANGIOGRAPHY TO MINIMIZE PATIENT EXPOSURE

Waheed Ur Rahman, Shehriyar Khan, Zabih Ullah, Muhammad Haris, Musadiq Khan (Author)

178-189

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ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF UROPATHOGENS FROM SAMPLES OF ASYMTOMATIC UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS OF SARHAD INSTITUTE OF ALLIED HEALTH SCIENCES, PESHAWAR

Tufeel Ahmad, Shameem Khan, Burhan Ali, Mr. Wahid Ullah (Author)

190-196

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KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND PERCEIVED BARRIERS REGARDING BLOOD TRANSFUSION SAFETY AMONG NURSES IN DHQ HOSPITAL DIR UPPER.

Syed Ubaid Ullah, Muhammad Anwar, Syed Sudais Jan, Abdul Basit, Yaseen Ur Rehman, Talha Shams, Rafiullah, Javid Iqbal (Author)

197-204

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EXPLORING PREFERRED SOURCES OF LEARNING AMONG BSN STUDENTS IN DIR LOWER: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

Ibni Amin, Muhammad Anwar, Shakil Ahmad, Abbas Khan, Gul Sheraz, Umair Ali Shah, Kainat Rahman, Javid Iqbal (Author)

205-214

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WORKPLACE VIOLENCE AND ITS EFFECTS ON JOB SATISFACTION AND CAREER OUTLOOK AMONG NURSES: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN DHQ HOSPITAL DIR, UPPER PAKISTAN

Ubaid Ullah, Sumaira, Saleem Illahi, Raja Ellahi, Amir Khan, Sumaya Bibi, Sana Ullah, Muhammad Anwar (Author)

215-222

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ASSESMENT OF LIVER FUNCTION TESTS IN CIGARETTE SMOKER

Muhammad Ismail Khan, Shahzad Amir, Muhammad Kashif, Kaleem Ullah, Mr. Wahid Ullah (Author)

223-231

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COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF POINT-OF-CARE TESTING METHODS AND LABORATORY-BASED SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ANALYSIS FOR BLOOD GLUCOSE ESTIMATION: A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Ahtasham Ahmad, Muhammad Adeel, Dr. Samra Asghar, Shifa Kousar, Muhammad Hanan, Muhammad Haris Baig, Amna Shahbaz (Author)

232-252

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PREVELANCE OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN RELATION TO GENDERS AMONG PATIENTS VISITING AL KHIDMAT HOSPITAL NISHTARABAD, PESHAWAR

Shameem Khan, Shabir Ahmad, Mohammad Uzair Khan, Timer Iqbal, Abdul Basit, Musadiq Khan, Mr. Kamran (Author)

253-261

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SEROPREVALENCE OF HBV, HCV, AND HIV IN PATIENTS WITH DIALYSIS

Sana Bibi, Dr. Sumayya Sikandar Beg, Nimra Younas, Muzamil Hussain, Dr. Qurat Ul Ain, Dr. Javaria Gul (Author)

262-268

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DEVELOPMENT AND NUTRITIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF COMPOSITE FLOURS OF WHEAT, RED LENTILS, RED KIDNEY BEANS, SOYBEAN, CHICKPEAS, MAIZE AND MORINGA LEAF

Anum Liaquat, Humaira Ashraf, Sidra Zubair, Nabgha Zafar, Hira Raees, Saniya Tayyab, Mehak Ahsan, Fatima Qamar, Safila Naveed (Author)

269-280

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VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IS ASSOCIATED WITH SEVERE ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY FROM PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN

Muhammad Khizar, Muhammad Asif Zeb, Zeeshan Khan, Somyia Rahim, Mujahid Khan, Shah Faisal Jamal (Author)

281-289

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RISK FACTORS AND CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN WELLENS SYNDROME PATIENTS PRESENTED AT TERTIARY CARE CENTERS IN PESHAWAR

Wasif Khan, Muhammad Ibrahim, Rafi Ullah, Usman Zaman, Jafar Shah, Hilal Ahmad, Musadiq Khan (Author)

290-302

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PATERNAL PARTICIPATION IN BIRTH PREPAREDNESS AND COMPLICATION READINESS DURING CHILDBIRTH: REVIEW PAPER

Ali Ahmed, Santosh Kumar, Afshan Nazly (Author)

303-309

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PREVALENCE OF FATTY LIVER DETECTED BY ULTRASOUND AMONG OBESE ADULTS IN MINGORA, SWAT DISTRICT

Fazal Hassan, Junaid Ali, Kashif Khan, Shahid Khan, Chahat Ali, Noor Ul Hasan, Shah zeb (Author)

310-318

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