FREQUENCY OF SALMONELLA TYPHI IN PATIENTS OF PYREXIA OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN ADMITTED IN PAEDIATRIC WARD

Abstract

Background
Salmonella Typhi is a significant cause of pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) in endemic regions, heavily influenced by socioeconomic and environmental factors. Accurate and reliable diagnostic methods are crucial for effective disease management. While various diagnostic tools exist, culture-based confirmation remains the gold standard for identifying Salmonella Typhi.

Objective
To determine the frequency of Salmonella typhi in patients of pyrexia of unknown origin admitted in paediatric ward of Mardan Medical Complex Mardan.

Study Design
Cross-sectional study.

Duration and Place of Study

The study was conducted from September 2024 to December 2024 at the Department of Paediatrics, Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan.

Methodology
A total of 127 children aged 1–12 years with PUO, defined as fever ≥38.3°C lasting more than 3 weeks without an identifiable source, were included. Blood samples were cultured using Wilson and Blair bismuth sulphite agar for Salmonella Typhi identification. Demographic and clinical data, including age, gender, socioeconomic status, parental education, and residential status, were recorded.

Results
Salmonella Typhi was identified in 38.6% of patients. Significant associations were found with low socioeconomic status, uneducated parents, and rural residency. No significant association was observed with age, gender, or fever duration.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates the significant prevalence of Salmonella Typhi in children with PUO and underscores the critical influence of socioeconomic and environmental factors.