EFFECT OF DEXAMETHASONE ON INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE AFTER UNCOMPLICATED PHACOEMULSIFICATION SURGERY

Abstract

Background: Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) following cataract removal via phacoemulsification is a well-documented postoperative concern. While dexamethasone, a corticosteroid, is commonly prescribed to reduce inflammation, its potential to raise IOP warrants scrutiny.

Objective: This study examines the short-term relationship between dexamethasone use and IOP fluctuations in patients undergoing uncomplicated phacoemulsification.

Study Design & Setting: This prospective observational analysis was conducted at Layton Rahmatullah Benevolent Trust (LRBT) Eye Hospital Township from 1^st August 2024 to 28 February 2025.

Methods: Total 150 patients were divided into two cohorts: one receiving dexamethasone eye drops post-surgery and a control group without corticosteroid therapy. IOP measurements were recorded preoperatively and at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month postoperatively.
Results: The dexamethasone cohort showed a statistically notable IOP increase at 1 week (18.6 ± 2.8 mmHg vs. 15.6 ± 2.4 mmHg in controls; p < 0.05), which subsided to baseline levels by 1 month. The control group maintained stable IOP throughout.

Conclusion: Dexamethasone correlates with transient IOP elevation after phacoemulsification, emphasizing the need for vigilant postoperative monitoring, particularly in at-risk patients.