THE IMPACT OF THE BASELINE BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL ON THE IN-HOSPITAL MORTALITY IN PATIENTS ADMITTED WITH ACUTE LEFT VENTRICULAR FAILURE

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between baseline blood glucose levels at admission and in-hospital mortality among patients admitted with acute left ventricular failure (ALVF).

Methodology: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 120 patients admitted with ALVF at a tertiary care hospital between June 2024- Dec 2024. Patients were grouped according to their baseline blood glucose levels into four categories: hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dL), normoglycemia (70–140 mg/dL), moderate hyperglycemia (141–199 mg/dL), and severe hyperglycemia (≥200 mg/dL). Clinical characteristics, laboratory data, and outcomes were extracted from hospital records. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression to determine the association between glucose levels and mortality.

Results: Among the 120 patients, 28 (23.3%) died during hospitalization. Mortality was significantly higher in patients with hypoglycemia (40%) and severe hyperglycemia (33.3%) compared to those with normoglycemia (11.9%) (p = 0.01). After adjusting for confounders, both hypoglycemia (aOR 4.65, 95% CI 1.12–19.32, p = 0.03) and severe hyperglycemia (aOR 3.81, 95% CI 1.26–11.47, p = 0.01) remained independent predictors of mortality.

Conclusion: Abnormal admission blood glucose levels, particularly hypoglycemia and severe hyperglycemia, were significantly associated with increased in-hospital mortality in patients with ALVF. Early identification and correction of glucose abnormalities may improve clinical outcomes. Further prospective research is needed to assess the benefits of targeted glycemic control in this patient population.