MOLAR PREGNANCY IN WOMEN AND ITS COMPLICATIONS

Abstract

Background: The aberrant pregnancy known as hydatidiform mole (HM), or molar pregnancy, is typified by hydropic chorionic villi, atypical trophoblastic hyperplasia, and stunted fetal growth. Placental tissue is the source of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), one of the uncommon human malignancies that is curable even if it has spread widely. Women and their families may experience distress due to molar pregnancy, a rare but serious pregnancy condition. Complications can be avoided with early detection and timely treatment. Objective: To assess the risk of gestational trophoblastic  disease (GTD), the clinical consequences at diagnosis, and the diagnostic rates of partial and full hydatidiform moles (PHM) in women who report with p/v bleeding. Methodology: Retrospective description study of 205 women diagnosed with a confirmed hydatidiform moles (HM) by histopathology over a 5-year period (2020-2024) at Shaikh Zayad Hospital Larkana, including 110 PHM and 95 CHM. All women were admitted in a tertiary care hospital for further management and follow-up. Clinical data were retrieved from hospital data, files, and registers.  Results: There were 66617  women for 5 years, who attended  OPD/ EMERGENCY between 2020 and 2024, of which 17688 were admitted via OPD/ Emergency  in obstetrics as  obstetric cases, and 4089 were admitted as gynecology problems. A total of 205 cases were confirmed as hydatid form mole,110 women with partial mole and their age with mean were 24.63 years (SD ± 4.76), and  95 partial mole women with mean age 23.24 years (SD ± 5.45) , women with 43% with complete and 57% being partial molar pregnancy. A significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) was found between both moles. The incidence was 1:512 pregnancies, with only 3.5% of partial moles suspected. Five cases of persistent gestational trophoblastic disease occurred after complete moles. Partial mole (HM) cases in early pregnancy ranged from 34.2-90%, CHM from 57.8-95%, and PHM from 17.6-51.6%, and 5 (2.43%) were maternal deaths. Conclusion: According to the study's conclusions, hydatidiform moles are prevalent, with incomplete moles accounting for the majority of occurrences. Its actual biological potential is yet unknown, so early diagnosis is essential for successful therapy and minimizing difficulties during the first trimester.