EXPLORING THE PREVALENCE AND RISK PROFILE OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AMONG PATIENTS WITH TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS AT, KARACHI PAKISTAN

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of illness and death in diabetic mellitus patients. Type II diabetic mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that creates resistance in insulin secretion and its action. Early detection of CVD can help in evaluate the prevalence of CVD events in type II diabetic mellitus patients.

Objective: The study aimed is to assess the Prevalence and Risk Profile of Cardiovascular Diseases in Type II diabetic patients.

Methods: This cross-sectional research was carried out among 353 Type-II diabetic mellitus patients from February 2025 to May 2025 at tertiary care hospitals in Karachi. Data were collected using a self-structured questionnaire administered to the study participants after taken written informed consent. The data were analyzed by using SPSS version 26, and statistical tests, including ANOVA and Chi-square, were applied to assess the association between Type II diabetic mellitus and cardiovascular disease risk profile.

Results: The findings of this study discovered that the prevalence of cardiovascular disease events were considerable more significantly higher in Type II diabetic patients as compared to the general population. Among these patients, those with poor glycemic control, hypertension, and dyslipidemia demonstrated the highest rates of CVD events. The results further indicated that individuals with HbA1c levels ranging from 6.5% to 8.9% exhibited comparatively lower CVD risk, whereas patients with HbA1c levels above 9.0% had a significantly higher burden of CVD events with P value (p < 0.001). 

Conclusion: This study highlights a markedly higher prevalence of CVD events among Type II diabetic patients. It emphasizes that key risk factors including poor glycemic control, hypertension, and dyslipidemia must be carefully monitored and effectively managed to reduce the burden of CVD in this population.