RISK FACTORS AND OUTCOME OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY: A SINGLE CENTER STUDY

Abstract

Objective: To determine the risk factors and outcomes of acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients.

Study design: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

Place of the study: Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care Unit, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro/Hyderabad

Methodology: A total of 104 patients of either gender admitted under nephrology care with the diagnosis of Acute Kidney Injury had age between 18-70 years were included. Acute Kidney Injury was defined as reversible loss of renal function within hours to days, determined by any of the following: a) rise in serum creatinine of 0.3mg/dl in 48 hours from the baseline and b) drop in urine output to 0.5 ml/kg/hour for 6 hour by noting the urine output from the 24 hour urine output charts. Severity of AKI was defined by the KDIGO staging. Outcomes (full recovery, partial recovery, no recovery & mortality) were recorded at 90-day follow-up after discharge. Risk factors were also noted. Data was analyzed on SPSS Version 27. Mean and standard deviations were calculated for the quantitative variables. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for the qualitative variables. Chi-square test was applied to compare the risk factors between survivors and non-survivors’ group. P-value < 0.05 was taken as significant.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 65.73 ± 15.41 years. 59 (57%) were male and 45 (43%) were female. 83 (79.8%) had community acquired AKI and 21 (20.19%) had hospital acquired AKI. On assessment of outcomes of AKI, 51(49%) were fully recovered, 19 (18.2%) were partially recovered, 23 (221.1%) were not recovered. Mortality occurred in 11 (10.57%) of AKI patients. The most common co-morbid found in our study population was hypertension 74 (71%). All factor were found to be statistically significantly associated with mortality except hypertension

Conclusion: AKI is a prevalent disease and it is associated with an increased ICU mortality. The findings of this study highlight the need to take appropriate measures to increase awareness among patients and healthcare providers of risk factors associated with kidney injury in a community or hospital setting.