IDENTIFYING THE ODD RATIOS OF HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE AND SMOKING AS RISK FACTORS IN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: A META-ANALYSIS AND SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstract

Objectives: Smoking and High blood pressure have been found to be important contributors to the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). This study combined data from several epidemiological studies to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the likelihood that smoking and blood pressure are the risk factors for CAD.

Methodology: Following a database search in compliance with MOOSE guidelines, suitable studies were added based on predefined inclusion criteria.  The measures of association were calculated using the MedCalc statistical program, version 18.11.3.  Heterogeneity was taken into account while calculating the odds ratios.

Results: The odds of exposure of high blood pressure in coronary artery disease patients were found to be 2.511 (95% CI of 1.662 to 3.795) and for smoking the odds ratio of 1.649 (95% CI of 1.382 to 1.969) were found.

Conclusions: The results highlight how smoking and high blood pressure are significant risk factors for CAD, underscoring the need for focused preventative measures. These are the risk factors that can be modified. Therefore, the strategies that focus on risk factors management have the potential to significantly lower the prevalence of disease worldwide. It is recommended to investigate the effects of exposure duration as well as interactions with other risk factors.