EXPLORE THE LATEST ADVANCEMENT IN DIABETES MANAGEMENT INCLUDING NEW MEDICATION AND LIFESTYLE INTERVENTIONS

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is the chronic metabolic disease, which is marked by the constant increase in glucose level because of the impairment of insulin secretion, its action, or both. Current developments have altered the development of the management of diabetes, with new pharmacological agents, technology, and personalized lifestyle interventions being highlighted to help patients manage their glycemic control, reduce complications, and overall improve their quality of life. Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of new drugs and lifestyle changes on glycemic control, cardiovascular, and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care environment. Study Design: A prospective study. Place and duration of study: From July 2024 to December 2024 General Medicine Department, Bolan Medical Complex Hospital Quetta. Methods: The study actually comprised of a prospective study of 120 diabetic patients in a tertiary care hospital. Structured questionnaires (that measured demographics, medication type, adherence to lifestyle and glycemic control) were used to collect data. Laboratory parameters such as fasting blood glucose and HbA1c were measured. Statistical tests were done in SPSS version 24.0 and p < 0.05 was used as the statistical significance. Results: One hundred and twenty patients (54.6 ± 10.8 years on average; 58 men) were involved. There was a significant improvement in glycemic control (GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors demonstrated a mean HbA1c of 6.8 ± 0.7 vs. the conventional therapy (7.9 ± 1.0): p = 0.001). Fasting glucose levels (102.4 ± 18.2 mg/dL) of patients who adhered to structured diet and exercise program were better as compared to non-adherent patients (126.7 ± 21.3 mg/dL), p = 0.002. There was an improvement in cardiovascular parameters and lower BMI in the group that has undergone pharmacologic plus lifestyle interventions. Conclusion: Coupled with a structured lifestyle intervention, the combination of high-technology antidiabetic drugs, including GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 blockers, has a significant effect on glycemic control and cardiovascular outcomes. The focus on patient education, constant glucose level monitoring, and personalized treatment approaches can be also used to improve disease management in the long-term and minimize diabetes-related complications. The combination of pharmacotherapy and lifestyle modification is the keystone of the optimal care of diabetes.