ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE AND ROLE OF NANOPARTICLES IN BOTANY AND ZOOLOGY EMPHASIZING THE NOVEL EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

Abstract

Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative field across the biological sciences, including the zoology and botany. The use of nanoparticles (NPs) in botanical and zoological research and applications has opened new avenues for diagnostics, drug delivery, toxicology, environmental monitoring, and species conservation. Their small size, large surface area, and tunable properties make them valuable tools in understanding animal physiology, detecting pathogens, and improving veterinary medicine. This review highlights the fundamental concepts, mechanisms, and applications of nanoparticles in zoological studies, summarizes the applications, mechanisms, and potential risks of nanoparticles in plants, emphasizing their role in seed germination, photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, and stress tolerance discussing their advantages, limitations, and potential environmental risks. It also explores how nanotechnology bridges molecular biology and animal science to create sustainable innovations in health, ecology, and conservation. It also highlights the challenges and research gaps that must be addressed before large-scale agricultural use becomes viable.