HELICOBACTER PYLORI PREVALENCE AND ITS DETERMINANTS IN DISTRICT LAKKI MARWAT: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Abstract

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a significant human pathogen etiologically linked to chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. Despite its clinical importance, regional epidemiological data are essential for understanding local transmission dynamics. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and identify the demographic, clinical, and lifestyle correlates of H. pylori infection in the population of District Lakki Marwat, Pakistan.

Materials and Methods: An observational study was conducted from September 2024 to February 2025 among individuals presenting at gastroenterology outpatient departments of multi-centered hospitals. Data from 271 participants were collected, including blood samples for H. pylori serology and structured questionnaires covering demographic characteristics, health history, and lifestyle factors.

Results: The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection was 46.9%. Higher prevalence rates were observed in females (53.5%), individuals aged 20-35 years (39.4%), rural residents (75.6%), those with no formal education (29.9%), and housewives (41.7%). A statistically significant association (p < 0.05) was found between H. pylori infection and age (p=.003), education level (p=.009), and a clinical history of gastritis, peptic ulcer, or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (p=.001). A key modifiable risk factor was the practice of handwashing with water and soap, which showed a significant protective association (p=.001).

Conclusion: This study reveals a high prevalence of H. pylori infection in District Lakki Marwat, underscoring it as a major public health concern. The infection is significantly associated with specific demographic factors, pre-existing gastrointestinal conditions, and hygiene practices. These findings highlight the need for targeted public health interventions, including improved health education and sanitation, to curb the spread of H. pylori in this region.