COMPARISON OF MEAN CONTRAST VOLUME IN PATIENT UNDERGOING CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY VIA RADIAL VERSUS FEMORAL APPROACH

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The clinical gold standard for evaluating individuals with cardiovascular disease is coronary Angiography. These Angiography are performed by using contrast mediums which are non-ionic. The most commonly used routes are trans radial and trans femoral. The protracted Angiography procedure leads to use of Larger volume of contrast medium which is directly associated with greater rates of contrast induced Nephropathy. So, choosing the appropriate route for coronary Angiography is imperative to minimizing the contrast volume dose

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the average amount of contrast used in patients for radial versus femoral coronary Angiography approach.

METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional comparative study was carried out at Gulab Devi Teaching Hospital’s Cardiology Department. A total of 156 patients who had been diagnosed with CAD and had visited a cardiac catheterization lab were chosen at random. These patients received diagnostic (CA) procedure. According to the preferred routes by our interventional cardiologist, the patients were split into two groups. Group A (radial group) was assigned 125 patients, and Group B (femoral group) was assigned 31 patients. Non-Probability convenient sampling technique was used. The mean contrast volume (MCV) of dye was measured in both groups, along with the variables Age, Gender, Hypertension (HTN), Diabetes Mellitus (DM), and Smoking.

RESULTS: This study encompasses a total 156 patients who had underwent CA from August to December of 2022 and there were 125 patients in radial group and 31 patients were in femoral group. It was terminated by using Mann Whitney U test that the quantity of contrast volume administered was statistically significant since it was 56.88±9.19 in Group-A, whereas in GroupB, it was 52.25±10.55 and the p-value for this comparison was 0. 016.The data was further divided into groups according to age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, and smoking history. Following stratification, the p values ≥ 0.05 were deemed statistically insignificant except for smoking history and furthermore there were more Males (69.87%) than Females (30.13%), and more patients fell in Age group of (43-49years,23.1%) and (63-69years 21.8%) with mean age of 53years and there were (46.79%) Diabetics, (53.2%) Hypertension patients and (28.85%) Smokers in this study.

CONCLUSION: It was summarized that there was a substantial variation in the mean contrast volume of dye in patients undergone coronary Angiography via radial versus femoral route So The average amount of contrast used is higher in coronary Angiography done by radial approach as compared to femoral approach.