EXPLORING THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN VACCINATION AND MALNUTRITION IN PEDIATRIC POPU--LATIONS: THE IMPACT OF PARENTAL EDUCATION AND SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS

Abstract

Malnutrition remains a critical health issue in pediatric populations, often aggravated by inadequate vaccination. This study aimed to explore the frequency of malnutrition among vaccinated children at Fatima Hospital, Baqai Medical University, highlighting the intersection of immunization and nutritional status. Conducted over six months from April to September 2024, this cross-sectional descriptive study included children presenting with signs of malnutrition. Following ethical approval, detailed histories and physical examinations were performed, and data were collected on demographics, feeding types, immunization status, and treatment responses. A total of 142 children participated, comprising 89 males and 53 females, with a mean age of 15.91 ± 9.42 months. Findings revealed that 70% of the children were fully vaccinated, 20% partially vaccinated, and 10% unvaccinated. A significant association was identified between parental education levels and vaccination rates (chi-square = 17.042, P = 0.002), indicating that higher education correlates with increased vaccination rates. Conversely, no significant relationships were found among vaccination status with gender (P = 0.397), residence (P = 0.236), or age (P = 0.703). The results indicate a concerning level of malnutrition among vaccinated children, particularly in rural settings, signifying the need for comprehensive public health interventions targeting both nutrition and immunization. The correlation between parental education and vaccination underscores its importance in addressing these dual challenges. This study advocates further research into the intricate relationships among education, socioeconomic factors, and health outcomes to mitigate malnutrition in vulnerable populations.