COMPARISON OF SINGLE DOSE VERSUS MULTIPLE DOSES ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS IN SURGICAL SITE INFECTION AT A TEACHING HOSPITAL

Abstract

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is a frequent postoperative problem. Multiple-dose prophylaxis has drawbacks, while evidence supports single-dose use. However, controversy persists in literature; therefore, this study was planned to compare both regimens.

Objective: To compare single dose versus multiple doses antibiotic prophylaxis in surgical site infection at a teaching hospital.

Duration: Six months w.e.f. 23-04-2024 to 22-10-2024.

Methodology: After ethical approval, 200 elective surgery patients at DHQ Hospital Mirpur, AJ&K, were randomized into two groups: Group A received a single dose of ceftriaxone, and Group B received a multiple-dose antibiotic prophylaxis regimen. Standard protocols, uniform care, blinding, and weekly follow-ups were ensured. SSI diagnosis was consultant-confirmed, and data were coded to minimize bias.   

Results: A total of 200 patients with mean age 40.21±11.97 years were included. Males predominated (68.5%), and most were overweight or ASA-II. Diabetes was present in 43%. Laparotomy, appendectomy, and hernia repair were common procedures. SSI occurred in 13% of Group A and 16% of Group B (p=0.547), with no significant differences found after stratification by age, BMI, or comorbidities (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Single-dose and multiple-dose antibiotic prophylaxis demonstrated comparable effectiveness in preventing surgical site infections. No significant differences were found overall or across subgroups stratified by age, gender, BMI, ASA status, diabetes, or surgical procedure. These results indicate that a single-dose regimen is equally effective as multiple doses for SSI prevention.