A PUBLIC HEALTH PERSPECTIVE ON HELICOBACTER PYLORI: PREVALENCE AND RISK BEHAVIORS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN PAKISTAN

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the gastric mucosa and is strongly associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. The World Health Organization classifies H. pylori as a Group I carcinogen, affecting nearly half of the global population. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of H. pylori infection among university students at Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur. Using probability-based simple random sampling, 300 hostel students (150 males, 150 females) participated. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire covering demographics, medical history, symptoms, dietary habits, and lifestyle practices. Results indicated that 16% had a family history of peptic ulcer disease, and 21% had a previous H. pylori diagnosis. Abdominal pain (68%) and indigestion (47%) were the most common symptoms. Male students exhibited higher risk behaviors, including consumption of unfiltered water, oily and fast foods, unwashed fruits and vegetables, smoking, and alcohol use. The study underscores the need for enhanced hygiene, healthier dietary practices, and awareness programs to reduce H. pylori transmission among university students.