SEROPREVALENCE OF HBV, HCV, AND HIV IN PATIENTS WITH DIALYSIS

Abstract

Blood-borne viral infections remain a significant public health concern among patients receiving maintenance dialysis because of repeated vascular access, frequent blood exposure, and prolonged interaction with healthcare systems. Worldwide, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV continue to contribute substantially to morbidity and mortality, with a particularly high burden reported in low- and middle-income countries. Individuals undergoing hemodialysis are at increased risk of acquiring these infections compared with the general population due to potential nosocomial transmission and reduced immune function.

This cross-sectional study evaluated the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in 245 patients undergoing maintenance dialysis at a tertiary care hospital using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The prevalence rates were 8.6% for HBV, 56.7% for HCV, and 6.5% for HIV, indicating that HCV was the most common infection in this cohort. Age-based analysis revealed a statistically significant association between age and HCV positivity (p = 0.016), with the highest frequency observed among patients aged 41–60 years. No significant relationship was identified between age and HBV or HIV status.

Biochemical findings, including elevated serum urea and creatinine levels, confirmed severe renal impairment consistent with end-stage kidney disease. The high prevalence of HCV observed in this population suggests possible gaps in infection prevention practices within dialysis settings. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening routine viral screening, enhancing infection control measures, promoting HBV vaccination, and improving patient and staff awareness. Effective preventive strategies and timely management are essential to reduce transmission risk and improve health outcomes among dialysis patients.