RISK FACTORS AND CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN WELLENS SYNDROME PATIENTS PRESENTED AT TERTIARY CARE CENTERS IN PESHAWAR

Abstract

Introduction: Wellen's syndrome is a critical condition often associated with high cardiovascular risk, characterized by specific electrocardiographic changes. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical, demographic, and angiographic characteristics of patients diagnosed with Wellen’s syndrome at Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, over a six-month period.

Methodology: A total of 125 patients were included in the study. Demographic data, including age and gender, were recorded, and the participants were categorized into different age groups. The types of angina (unstable and stable) were identified, and risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol levels were assessed. Coronary angiography was performed to evaluate the presence of stenosis in coronary arteries, and electrocardiographic findings were classified into two types of Wellen's syndrome (Type A and Type B).

Results: The majority of participants (75.6%) were aged between 50 and 70 years, with males constituting 68.8% of the sample. Unstable angina was more prevalent (62.4%) compared to stable angina (37.6%). The most common risk factors were hypertension (79.2%), high cholesterol (52.8%), and smoking (37.6%). Coronary angiography revealed proximal stenosis in the left anterior descending artery (LAD) in 91.2% of cases, followed by the left circumflex artery (24%) and right coronary artery (21.6%). Electrocardiographic analysis showed a higher prevalence of Type A Wellen's syndrome (97 cases) compared to Type B (28 cases). The findings emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and management of risk factors to mitigate adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with Wellen's syndrome.

CONCLUSION: The findings highlight the significance of early diagnosis and management of risk factors in patients with Wellen’s syndrome to prevent adverse cardiovascular outcomes.