FREQUENCY OF HEPATITIS B, HEPATITIS C AND HIV IN THALASSEMIA MAJOR PATIENTS ON REGULAR TRANSFUSIONS

Abstract

Objective: To determine the prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV infections among transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia major patients receiving regular blood transfusions at a tertiary care center.

Study Design: Analytical Cross-Sectional study.

Study Setting: This study was conducted at thalassemia day-care center, PNS Shifa Hospital, Karachi.

Study Duration: Months.(January 24 to June 25

Methodology: A total of 101 confirmed beta-thalassemia major patients aged above two years who had been  receiving regular transfusions. Blood samples were collected and tested for HBsAg, anti-HCV, and HIV antigen/antibody using commercial ELISA or CLIA platforms. Demographic, clinical, and transfusion data were collected through standardized protocols.

Results: Among 101 participants (mean age 13.97±7 years, 67.3% males), hepatitis B was detected in 4 patients (3.96%), hepatitis C in 19 patients (18.81%), and HIV in 3 patients (2.97%). The majority of infections were concentrated in the youngest age group (1-5 years). Vaccination coverage was 81.2%.

Conclusion: Transfusion-transmitted infections remain a significant concern in beta-thalassemia major patients, with hepatitis C showing the highest prevalence. Enhanced blood screening, universal vaccination, and regular surveillance are essential for reducing infection burden