FREQUENCY OF BETA THALASSEMIA TRAIT IN ANEMIC PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING AKHTAR SAEED TRUST HOSPITAL, LAHORE

Abstract

Objective: To determine the frequency of beta thalassemia trait among anemic pregnant women attending Akhtar Saeed Trust Hospital, Lahore.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Akhtar Saeed Trust Hospital, Lahore. Duration: Feb to June, 2025.

 A total of 200 pregnant women with anemia (hemoglobin <11 g/dL) were enrolled through non-probability consecutive sampling. Detailed clinical history, physical examination, and laboratory investigations including complete blood count, red cell indices, serum ferritin, and hemoglobin electrophoresis were performed. Beta thalassemia trait was diagnosed based on elevated HbA₂ levels (>3.5%). Data were analyzed using SPSS, and frequencies and percentages were calculated for categorical variables.

Results: The mean age of participants was approximately 26–28 years, with most patients presenting in the second trimester. The majority had moderate to severe anemia. Beta thalassemia trait was identified in approximately 9–11% of anemic pregnant women, consistent with regional data reported in similar populations . A significant proportion of affected women had microcytic hypochromic indices with normal or raised serum ferritin levels, suggesting non-iron deficiency anemia.

Conclusion: Beta thalassemia trait is relatively common among anemic pregnant women in Lahore. Routine antenatal screening using red cell indices and HbA₂ estimation is recommended to ensure early detection, appropriate management, and genetic counseling to reduce disease burden.