NOVEL DIAGNOSTIC MARKERS FOR EARLY CANCER DETECTION WITH EMPHASIS ON CA-125 AND PSA

Abstract

Background:

Early cancer diagnosis is shown to greatly enhance survival and lightening the burden of the disease, but there are only a few cancers that have effective screening tools. The biomarkers used in the screening of ovarian and prostate cancer have mainly been protein-based biomarkers, including cancer antigen-125 (CA-125) and the prostate-specific antigen (PSA).

Objective:

This review will critically assess the emergent diagnostic biomarkers in the early detection of cancer with specific reference to CA-125 and PSA as conventional models of one-analyte and multi-analyte respectively

Methodology:

A systematic review of the literature was carried out based on peer-reviewed publications, which covered studies that reported the use of liquid biopsy technologies and protein biomarkers. The review involves the circulating tumor DNA, DNA methylation signatures.

Results:

Recent research indicates that the biomarkers of liquid bio-psies, especially ctDNA and methylation-based tests, are more specific and capable of detecting a variety of cancer types with only a single sample.

Conclusion:

The new diagnostic biomarkers are a significant improvement in the detection of early cancer, and questions of sensitivity, standardization, cost, and mass prospective validation persist. CA-125 and PSA are used to demonstrate the possibilities and the limitations of single-marker screening.