THE REGULATORY ROLE AND THERAPEUTICAL POTENTIAL OF NON-CODING RNAS IN LUNG CANCER- A REVIEW

Abstract

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), have emerged as critical regulators of gene expression and key players in lung cancer pathogenesis. These molecules play pivotal roles in various aspects of lung cancer development, progression, metastasis, and resistance to therapy, presenting unprecedented opportunities for diagnostic and therapeutic innovation. This comprehensive review synthesizes current knowledge on the regulatory role and therapeutic potential of ncRNAs in lung cancer, with emphasis on molecular mechanisms, clinical applications, and future therapeutic strategies. A systematic analysis of the functional roles, molecular mechanisms, and clinical significance of ncRNAs in lung cancer was conducted, integrating evidence on miRNA biogenesis, lncRNA regulatory functions, and circRNA biological activities. The review examined dysregulated ncRNA signatures, their involvement in key oncogenic pathways, and emerging therapeutic approaches. Therapeutic strategies include miRNA mimics and inhibitors (antagomiRs), lncRNA-targeted therapies, and circRNA-modulating approaches. Early pre-clinical studies demonstrate that synthetic miRNA-based therapeutic molecules with protective coating approaches enable efficient delivery and anti-tumor activity. LncRNAs are highly stable in circulation, presenting opportunities for non-invasive early-stage cancer diagnostic tools. ncRNA profiling enables personalized medicine through patient stratification and treatment selection.