THE BURDEN OF SCHOOL BAGS; ANALYSING PAIN AND DISABILITY IN SHOULDER AND NECK AMONG SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN IN PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

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Published: 2026-05-09
Keywords:
School bag weight, Neck Disability Index (NDI), Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI)

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Dr Noor Aslam
Dr Atta Ur Rehman
Dr Sayed Ibadat Hussain
Murad Ali Khan
Dr Wasim Abas
Dr Rukhma Shahzadi
Dr Aizaz Ullah Khan

Abstract

Background


School bag overload is a growing concern that contributes to neck and shoulder pain among school-aged children. Excessive load carriage can negatively affect posture and musculoskeletal health.


Objective


To evaluate the impact of school bag weight on neck and shoulder pain and disability among school-going children in Peshawar, Pakistan, using validated musculoskeletal assessment tools.


Methodology


A cross-sectional study was conducted among 380 students aged 10–16 years from public and private schools in Peshawar. Physical measurements included body weight and school bag weight, while disability was assessed using the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI).

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Article Details

Issue

Vol. 4 No. 5 (2026): The Research of Medical Science Review

Section

Articles
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

THE BURDEN OF SCHOOL BAGS; ANALYSING PAIN AND DISABILITY IN SHOULDER AND NECK AMONG SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN IN PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY. (2026). The Research of Medical Science Review, 4(5), 263-279. https://medicalsciencereview.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/3606