FREQUENCY OF AND RISK FACTORS OF HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTIONS IN PATIENTS ADMITTED IN CRITICAL CARE UNIT

Abstract

Objective:

The objective of this study is to observe frequency and risk factors of hospital acquired infection in patients admitted in critical care unit

Study design:

Cross-sectional Observational study.

Place and duration of study:

Department of Medicine, CMH Bahawalpur, from December 2024- May 2025

Methodology:

A total of 100 patients aged 16–75 years were enrolled through non-probability consecutive sampling. Demographic and clinical data were recorded, and patients were monitored for hospital-acquired infections. Risk factors including ventilation, diabetes, Foley’s catheter, age >50 years, and prolonged stay were assessed. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25, and odds ratios were calculated.

Results:

Out of 100 patients, 31% developed hospital-acquired infections. Ventilator-associated pneumonia was the most common infection, followed by urinary tract and bloodstream infections. Mechanical ventilation (OR=4.2) and hospital stay >7 days (OR=3.3) showed strong associations with infection. Diabetes mellitus (OR=2.1) and Foley’s catheter use (OR=1.9) were moderate risk factors, while age >50 years showed weaker association. The findings indicate that invasive procedures and prolonged hospitalization significantly increase infection risk in critically ill patients.

Conclusion:

Hospital-acquired infections are common in critical care settings, primarily associated with ventilation and prolonged hospital stay. Diabetes and catheter use also increase risk.