FREQUENCY OF AND RISK FACTORS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ACUTE LUNG INJURY IN PATIENTS ADMITTED WITH SEPTIC SHOCK IN CRITICAL CARE UNIT OF CMH BAHAWALPUR

Abstract

Objective:

The objective of this study is to observe frequency and risk factors of acute lung injury in patients with septic shock in critical care unit of a tertiary care hospital

Study design:

Cross-sectional Observational study.

Place and duration of study:

Department of Medicine, CMH Bahawalpur, from December 2024-May 2025

Methodology:

A total of 100 patients aged 16–75 years with septic shock were included using non-probability consecutive sampling. Patients with chronic lung diseases, malignancy, corticosteroid use, or pregnancy were excluded. Data were collected through a structured proforma, including demographics, clinical features, and risk factors. Acute lung injury (ALI) was diagnosed based on hypoxemia and radiological findings. Patients were divided into ALI and non-ALI groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS v25, with frequencies, percentages, and odds ratios calculated to assess associations.

Results:

Out of 100 patients, 46% developed acute lung injury. The mean age was 52.4 ± 14.8 years, with male predominance (60%). Delayed antibiotics (42%) and delayed resuscitation (38%) were common risk factors. Strong associations with ALI were observed for high respiratory rate (OR=4.80), delayed resuscitation (OR=4.20), and delayed antibiotics (OR=3.75). Blood transfusion and alcohol use showed moderate associations, while diabetes mellitus had a protective effect. ALI was more frequent among older patients, smokers, and those with prolonged septic shock, indicating both demographic and clinical influences.

Conclusion:

Acute lung injury is a frequent complication of septic shock. Delayed management and high respiratory rate are key predictors. Early intervention and strict adherence to sepsis protocols can reduce risk.