RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEG LENGTH DISCREPANCY AND MULTIPLE JOINT PAIN, CONSTITUTING A SUBSTANTIAL ECONOMIC BURDEN TO THE COMMUNITY

Abstract

Background: Leg Length Discrepancy (LLD) is a common musculoskeletal condition that can disturb the normal biomechanics, resulting in compensatory gait and postural changes. These biomechanical changes may lead to multiple joint pain affecting the hip, knee, and spine, ultimately reducing functional ability and disturbing quality of life. In addition to physical consequences, LLD-related joint pain can present as a significant economic burden due to increased healthcare utilization and loss of productivity in an individual’s life. However, this economic impact remains underexplored in existing literature.

Objective: To assess the association between leg length discrepancy and multiple joint pain, and to further evaluate the economic burden associated with LLD-related joint pain among adult patients.

Method: A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted in which total of 329 adult participants were diagnosed or suspected LLD and recruited through convenience sampling. Data was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire and standardized clinical assessments performed, including Body Mass Index (BMI), Observational Gait Scale (OGS), Modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Index (ODI), Questionnaire to Identify Knee Symptoms (QuIKS), Kellgren–Lawrence grading for knee osteoarthritis, Tape Measurement Method (TMM) for leg length discrepancy, and the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS). The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis with a significance level of p < 0.05.

Result: A significant positive relationship was found between leg length discrepancy and the incidence of multiple joint pain. Participants with greater LLD reported increased pain severity and involvement of multiple joint pain. Furthermore, LLD-related joint pain was associated with higher healthcare expenditures and notable productivity loss, indicating a substantial economic burden on individuals and the community.

Conclusion: The findings concludes that leg length discrepancy is significantly associated with multiple joint pain and contributes to a considerable economic burden. Early identification and appropriate management of LLD may help decrease musculoskeletal complications and minimize economic impact. This study emphasizes the need for preventive strategies and well informed healthcare planning in musculoskeletal care.