KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF DIPOSAL OF UNUSED MEDICATION AMONG GENERAL PUBLIC

Abstract

Background: Improper disposal of unused and expired medications poses significant risks to public health and the environment. In Pakistan, safe disposal practices are poorly understood and rarely implemented due to limited awareness and lack of structured take-back programs. 

Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding safe disposal of unused medications among the general public in Bahawalpur, Punjab, and to identify associated demographic factors. 

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2025 among 417 adults aged 18 years and above in Bahawalpur. Data were collected using a validated, self-administered questionnaire covering demographics, knowledge, attitude, and practice related to medication disposal. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and logistic regression were used for analysis using SPSS v26. 

Results: Of 417 participants, 58.5% had poor knowledge, 62.1% had a negative attitude, and 71.2% reported unsafe disposal practices. The most common disposal method was discarding medications in household trash (54.7%). Higher education level, employment in healthcare-related fields, and female gender were significantly associated with better knowledge and safer practices (p < 0.05). Lack of awareness about disposal guidelines and absence of disposal facilities were the main barriers reported. 

Conclusion: The study reveals substantial gaps in knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding safe medication disposal in Bahawalpur. Targeted public education campaigns, pharmacist-led counseling, and establishment of medicine take-back programs are recommended to reduce environmental contamination and public health risks.