IMPACT OF BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) ON OUTCOME IN PATIENTS AFTER CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING (CABG)

Abstract

Objective:

To compare postoperative outcomes across BMI categories in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Methods:

A total of one hundred and thirty (130) patients aged 50-70 years planned for coronary artery bypass grafting were included in this study. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated for all patients, and patients were divided into 3 groups on the basis of BMI: Normal weight: BMI = 18.6–24.9 kg/m2, Overweight: BMI = 25-29.9 kg/m², and obese: BMI ≥ 30 kg/m². All labs, including ECG, CBC, urine D/R, C/S, electrolytes, urea/creatinine, x-ray, and chest ultrasound, were performed in accordance with institutional policy. In all patients, cardiovascular, infectious, bleeding complications, and incidence of acute renal failure were noted.

Results:

Cardiovascular complications occurred in 1% of normal weight, 1.7% of overweight, and 6% of obese patients, with significant difference (P=0.01). Infectious complications were 5.2%, 11.6%, and 27.6% respectively (P=0.011). Bleeding was 1.7%, 7.0%, and 24.1%, significantly associated with higher BMI (P=0.002). Acute renal failure occurred in 3.4%, 11.6%, and 20.7%, respectively (P=0.037).

Conclusion:

Obesity significantly raises the risk of post-operative issues, including cardiovascular problems, infections, bleeding, and acute kidney failure. Preventing these complications in obese patients after CABG can improve recovery and post-surgical outcomes