FREQUENCY OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPLICATIONS IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the frequency of mitral regurgitation (MR) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to evaluate its association with clinical characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors.

Methodology
This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Cardiology, Combined Military Hospital Gujranwala, over a period of 3 months, March- May2025. A total of 382 patients aged 18–80 years with confirmed AMI (STEMI and NSTEMI) were included using non-probability consecutive sampling. Patients with previous MI, renal failure, or other major comorbid conditions were excluded. Demographic and clinical data were recorded, and MR was assessed according to operational definitions. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Stratification was performed for effect modifiers, and the Chi-square test was applied, with p ≤ 0.05 considered significant.

Results
The mean age of patients was 56.8 ± 11.4 years, with a male predominance (59.7%). STEMI was observed in 61.8% of patients, while 38.2% had NSTEMI. Mitral regurgitation was present in 206 patients (53.9%). A significantly higher frequency of MR was observed in patients with STEMI (62.7%) compared to NSTEMI (39.7%) (p = 0.001). MR was also significantly associated with male gender (p = 0.032), obesity (p = 0.045), smoking (p = 0.021), hypertension (p = 0.003), and diabetes mellitus (p = 0.018).

Conclusion
Mitral regurgitation is a common complication of AMI, particularly in patients with STEMI and associated cardiovascular risk factors. Early identification and appropriate management of high-risk patients are essential to reduce morbidity and improve clinical outcomes.