EVALUATION OF UN-ENHANCED COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND ULTRASOUND REPORTS FOR DIAGNOSIS OF URINARY TRACT CALCULI

Abstract

Background: Urinary tract calculi also known as nephrolithiasis is one of the common diseases. calculi are solid stone structures that could be formed due to many reasons that includes less water intake, less urine volume, genetic factors, diabetes type 2, obesity, hypertension, dietary factors and even drugs can also contribute in stone formation. They could get stuck in urinary system which mostly causes flank pain in the patients presenting to emergency. If they are not diagnosed properly, they could cause further complications. There are many imaging modalities that are used for diagnosis of nephrolithiasis. This study was performed to evaluate CT and USG reports for the diagnosis of urinary tract calculi.

Methodology: This is a retrospective study. Data of the patients who had undergone both CT and USG were collected in the form of reports. These reports were collected from radiology department of three hospital setups namely; Bilal Hospital Rawalpindi, Bahria Town Hospital, and Kulsoom International Hospital. Sample size of this study was 100 patients. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20.

Results: According to our analysis, percentage of male patients (71%) was more than female patients (29%). With respect to age distribution, mostly patients (44%) lie within the age range of 20-39 years while there are 31% and 25% patients lie in age range of 40-59 years and 60-79 years respectively. Out of 100 patients, there are 3 females negative while 26 females positive for USG. Reports of 16 males are positive while 55 males are negative on USG. For age ranging 20-39 years there are 7 patients are negative whereas 37 patients are positive on USG. There are 8 negative and 23 positive reports USG reports for age ranging 40-59 years. For 60-79 years age range, there are 4 negative and 21 positive reports on USG. CT reports show 24 positive and 5 negative females while 0 negative and 71 positive reports. There are 4 negative and 40 positive CT reports for age range 20-39 years, 1 negative and 30 positive CT reports for age range 40-59 years, and 0 negative and 25 positive CT reports for age range 60-79 years. There are 70 positive while 18 negative reports for renal calculi on both the modalities. 5 patients are positive on USG while negative on CT and 7 patients are negative on USG while positive on CT. There are 10 positive while 47 negative reports for ureteric calculi on both the modalities. 5 patients are positive on USG while negative on CT and 38 patients are negative on USG while positive on CT.

Conclusion: Male patients and the patients between the age range of 20-39 years are predominantly affected. Results of CT and USG are more concordant for renal calculi than for ureteric calculi. USG reports failed to diagnose ureteric calculi in most of the cases.