FREQUENCY OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS HAVING BOTH HYPERTENSION AND DIABETES

Abstract

Objective: To determine the frequency of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among patients with long-standing coexisting hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and to identify factors associated with it.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the medical unit of Social Security Hospital, Faisalabad,  July to October, 2025. Using non-probability consecutive sampling, 380 patients aged 40-70 years with both hypertension and diabetes for more than five years were enrolled. Patients with acute illness, hypertensive urgency or emergency, recent diarrhoea, vomiting or bleeding, and pregnant women were excluded. CKD was defined by raised blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine together with ultrasonographic features of chronic renal damage. Data were analysed in SPSS version 26 using chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests and binary logistic regression; p < 0.05 was significant.

Results: The mean age was 55.1 ± 7.1 years, and 200 patients (52.6%) were male. Mean durations of hypertension and diabetes were 10.2 ± 2.9 and 10.0 ± 3.4 years. CKD was present in 211 patients (55.5%; 95% CI 50.5-60.4). Patients with CKD were older (55.7 vs 54.3 years, p = 0.030), had longer diabetes duration (p = 0.035) and more often reported a family history of CKD (27.0% vs 13.0%, p = 0.001). Gender and hypertension duration did not differ. On adjusted analysis, family history was the strongest predictor (OR 2.61, 95% CI 1.51-4.54), age was marginally significant (OR 1.03, p = 0.047), and diabetes duration was borderline (p = 0.064).

Conclusion: More than half of patients with long-standing hypertension and diabetes had CKD. Family history was the strongest independent factor, with age and diabetes duration contributing modestly. Routine renal evaluation should be part of care for all such patients.