PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN TYPE 2 DIABETES PATIENTS IN PAKISTAN

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a significant cardiovascular complication and is an important cause of myocardial infarction-related morbidity and mortality. The prevalence and risk factors for myocardial infarction in type 2 diabetics in Pakistan were evaluated with the help of a hypothetical data set created for methodological training. This study employed an analytical cross-sectional design with 500 adults aged 35-85 years. Demographic, behavioral, clinical, and biochemical parameters were measured, including age, sex, duration of diabetes, BMI, BP, smoking, physical inactivity, family history of cardiovascular disease, glycated hemoglobin, lipid profile, chronic kidney disease, medications taken, and statin therapy. IBM SPSS Statistics version 27 was used to perform descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-tests, chi-square tests and multivariable binary logistic regression. Eighty-seven patients had myocardial infarction (17.4%, 95% CI: 14.3%–21.0%). The mean age, SBP, and LDL cholesterol were higher in patients with myocardial infarction than in those without. All categorical associations were significant, including age, hypertension, family history of cardiovascular disease, high LDL cholesterol, and chronic kidney disease. Otherwise, higher LDL cholesterol, chronic kidney disease, older age, and current smoking were independently related to higher risks for myocardial infarction in the adjusted model. The model had good calibration, and an AUC value of 0.781 indicated good discriminative ability. Although the findings suggest that cardiovascular risk assessment, smoking cessation, lipid control, and monitoring of kidney function are important in patients with type 2 diabetes, because they were simulated, they might not apply to the Pakistani population.